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References and Bibliography on Atmospheric Electricity Gaopeng Lu, at Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research |
(always under construction)
Journal papers in my collection
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1897
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Richardson E., Rain gushes in thunderstorms, Mon. Wea. Rev., 25, 303-304. |
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1898
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Updegraff M., H. D. Gowey, and H. A. Hazen, Rain gushes and thunderstorms, Mon. Wea. Rev., 26, 258-259. |
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1916
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Wilson C. T. R., On some determinations of the sign and magnitude of electric discharges in lightning flashes, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 92, 555-574. |
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1921
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Wilson C. T. R., Investigations on lightning discharges and on the electric field of thunderstorms, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., 221, 73-115. |
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1925
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Wilson C. T. R., The electric field of a thundercloud and some of its effects, Proc. R. Soc. London A, V37, 32-37. |
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1937
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Appleton E. V., and F. W. Chapman, On the nature of atmospherics, 4, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 158, 1-22. Schonland B. F. J., The diameter of the lightning channel, Phil. Mag., 23, 503-508. Simpson G ., and F. J. Scrase, The distribution of electricity in thunderclouds, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 161, 309-352. |
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1939
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Meek J. M., The mechanism of the lightning discharge, Phys. Rev., 55, 972-977. |
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1940
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Loeb L. B., and J. M. Meek, The mechanism of spark discharge in air at atmospheric pressure II, J. Appl. Phys., 11, 459-474. |
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1941
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Simpson G., and G. D. Robinson, The distribution of electricity in thunderclouds II, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 177, 281-329. |
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1946
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Gunn R., and J. P. Parker, The high-voltage characteristics of aircraft in flight, Proc. IRE, 34, 241-247. |
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1947
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Golde R. H., Occurrence of upward streamers in lightning discharges, Nature, 160, 395-396. Gunn R., The electrical charge on precipitation at various altitudes and its relation to thunderstorms, Phys. Rev., 71, 181-186. Marshall J. S., R. C. Langille, and W. McK. Palmer, Measurements of rainfall by radar, J. Meteor., 4, 186-192. Wexler R., Radar detection of a frontal storm 18 June 1946, J. Meteor., 4, 38-44. |
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1948
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Gunn R., Electric field intensity inside of natural clouds, J. of Applied Phys., 19, 481-484. Marshall J. S., and W. McK. Palmer, The distribution of raindrops with size, J. Meteor., 5, 165-166. |
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1949
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Gunn R., and G. D. Kinzer, The free electrical charge on precipitation inside an active thunderstorm, J. Meteor., 6, 243-248. |
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1950
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Foster H., An unusual observation of lightning, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 31, 140-141. Gish O. H., and G. R. Wait, Thunderstorms and the earth's general electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 55, 473-484. Gunn R., The free electrical charge on precipitation inside an active thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 55, 171-178. Kuettner J., The electrical and meteorological conditions inside thunderclouds, J. Meteorol., 7, 322-332. Ligda M. G. H., Lightning detection by radar, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 31, 279-283. Workman E. J., and S. E. Reynolds, Electrical phenomena occurring during the freezing of dilute aqueous solutions and their possible relationship to thunderstorm electricity, Phys. Rev., 78, 254-259. |
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1951
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Barnard V., The approximate mean height of the thundercloud charges taking part in a flash to ground, J. Geophys. Res., 56, 33-35. Browne I. C., A radar echo from lightning, Nature, 167, 438. Malan D. J., and B. F. J. Schonland, The distribution of electricity in thunderclouds, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 209, 158-177. Malan D. J., and B. F. J. Schonland, The electrical processes in the intervals between the strokes of a lightning discharge, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., 206, 145-163. |
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1952
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Braham R. R. Jr., The water and energy budgets of the thunderstorm and their relation to thunderstorm development, J. Meteorol., 3, 227-242. Holzer R. E., and D. S. Saxon, Distribution of electrical conduction currents in the vicinity of thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 57, 207-216. |
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1953
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Miles V. G., Radar echoes associated with lightning, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 3, 258-263. Reynolds S. E., Thundestorm-Precipitation growth and electrical-charge generation, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 34, 117-123. |
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1954
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Hacking C. A., Observations on the negatively charged column in thunderclouds, J. Geophys. Res., 59, 449-453. |
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1955
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Loeb L. B., Corona threshold and the range of velocities of pulse spread in Geiger counters, Phys. Rev., 97, 275-277. Pierce E. T., Electrostatic field changes due to lightning discharges, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 81, 211-228. Pierce E. T., The development of lightning discharges, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 81, 229-240. Reynolds S. E., and H. W. Neill, The distribution and discharge of thunderstorm charge centers, J. Meteorol., 12, 1-12. |
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1956
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Ligda M. G. H., The radar observations of lightning, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 9, 329-346. Reynolds S. E., and M. Brook, Correlation of the initial electric field and the radar echo in thunderstorms, J. Meteorol., 13, 376-380. |
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1957
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Alpert L., Comments on "Initial electrification processes in thunderstorms", J. Meteorol., 14, 474-475. Clarence N. D., and D. J. Malan, Preliminary discharge processes in lightning flashes to ground, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 83, 161-172. Clark J. F., Airborne measurement of atmospheric potential gradient, J. Geophys. Res., 62, 617-628. Pawsey J. L., Radar observations of lightning on 1.5 metres, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 11, 289-290. Reynolds S. E., M. Brook, and M. F. Gourley, Thunderstorm charge separation, J. Meteorol., 14, 426-436. Smith L. G., Intracloud lightning discharges, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 83, 103-111. Sullivan A. W., and J. D. Wells, A lightning stroke counter, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 38, 291-294. |
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1958
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1959
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Miller S. L., and H. C. Urey, Organic compounds synthesis on the primative earth, Science, 130, 245-251. Vonnegut B., C. B. Moore, and A. T. Botka, Preliminary results of an experiment to determine initial precedence of organized electrification and precipitation in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 64, 347-357. |
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1960
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Brook M., and B. Vonnegut, Visual confirmation of the junction process in lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1302-1303. Brook M., and N. Kitagawa, Some aspects of lightning activity and related meteorological conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1203-1210. Brook M., and N. Kitagawa, Electric-field changes and the design of lightning-flash counters, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1927-1931. Freier G. D., The electric field of a large dust devil, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 3504. Hill E. L., Ball lightning as a physical phenomenon, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1947-1952. Jones H. L., F. J. Boudreaux, and W. D. Woodruff, Quasi-static electric field studies of thunderstorms (Abstract), J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1966. Kasemir H. W., A contribution to the electrostatic theory of a lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1873-1878. Kitagawa N., and M. Brook, A comparison of intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1189-1201. Kitagawa N., M. Brook, and E. J. Workman, The role of continuous discharges in cloud-to-ground lightning (Abstract), J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1965. Moore C. B., B. Vonnegut, B. A. Stein, and H. J. Survilas, Observations of electrification and lightning in warm clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1907-1910. Newman M. M., Thunderstorm electrical discharges intercepted by aircraft and related ball lightning and sferics phenomena (Abstract), J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1966. Pierce E. T., Atmospheric from lightning flashes with multiple strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1867-1871. Sartor J. D., Some electrostatic cloud-droplet collision efficiencies, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1953-1957. Shackford C. R., Radar indications of a precipitation-lightning relationship in New England Thunderstorms, J. Meteorol., 17, 15-19. Vonnegut B., and D. A. McCaig, Airplane instrument for measurement and vectorial presentation of electrical potential gradient, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1959-1963. Workman E. J., M. Brook, and N. Kitagawa, Lightning and charge storage, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1513-1517. |
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1961
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Alpert L., A note to the paper by C. B. Moore, B. Vonnegut, B. A. Stein, and H. J. Survilas, 'Observation of electrification and lightning in warm clouds', J. Geophys. Res., 66, 332. Brook M., G. Armstrong, R. P. H. Winder, B. Vonnegut, and C. B. Moore, Artificial initiation of lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 3967-3969. Sartor J. D., Calculations of cloud electrification based on a general charge-separation mechanism, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 831-838. Tepley L. R., Sferics from intracloud lightning strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 111-123. Vonnegut B., C. B. Moore, and F. J. Mallahan, Adjustable potential-gradient-measuring apparatus for airplane use, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 2393-2397. |
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1962
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Brook M., N. Kitagawa, and E. J. Workman, Quantitative study of strokes and continuing currengs in lightning discharges to ground, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 649-659. Moore C. B., B. Vonnegut, J. A. MaChado, and H. J. Survilas, Radar observations of rain gushes following overhead lightning strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 207-220. Moore C. B., B. Vonnegut, R. G. Semonin, J. W. Bullock, and W. Bradley, Fair-weather atmospheric electric potential gradient and space charge over central Illinois, summer 1960, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 1061-1071. Kitagawa N., M. Brook, and E. J. Workman, Continuing currents in cloud-to-ground lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 637-647. Salanave L. E., R. E. Orville, and C. N. Richards, Slitless spectra of lightning in the region from 3850 to 6900 angstroms, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 1877-1884. Vonnegut B., and C. B. Moore, G. E. Stout, D. W. Staggs, J. W. Bullock, and W. E. Bradley, Artificial modification of atmospheric space charge, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 1073-1083. |
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1963
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Bradley W. E., and R. G. Semonin, Airborne electrical measurements in dust whirls, J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 622-623. Evans W. H., and R. L. Walker, High-speed photographs of lightning at close range, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 4455-4461. Freier G., A theoretical study of the conductivity of air in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 4941-4947. Hill R. L., Determination of charges conducted in lightning strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1365-1375. Prueitt M. L., The excitation temperature of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 803-811. Vonnegut B., Some facts and speculations concerning the origin and role of thunderstorm electricity, Meteorol. Monogr., 5, 24-241. Wang C. P., Lightning discharges in the tropics: 1. Whole discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1943-1949. Wang C. P., Lightning discharges in the tropics: 2. Component ground strokes and cloud dart streamer discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1951-1958. Williams D. P., and M. Brook, Magnetic measurements of thunderstorm currents: 1. Continuing currents in lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 3243-3247. |
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1964
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Bent R. B., The testing of apparatus for ground fair-weather space charge measurements, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 26, 313-318. Brook M., and N. Kitagawa, Radiation from lightning discharges in the frequency range 400 to 1000 Mc/s, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 2431-2434. Crozier W. D., The electric field of a New Mexico dust devil, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 5427-5429. Horner F., and P. A. Bradley, The spectra of atmospherics from near lightning discharges, J. Atmos. Terres. Phys., 26, 1155-1166. Kohl D. A., The relation of polarization of sferics at 500 kilocycles per second to lightning-stroke orientation, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 4184-4185. Latham J., The mass loss of water drops falling in electric fields, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 90, 87-90. Loeb L. B., Discussion of paper by M. A. Uman, 'The diameter of lightning', J. Geophys. Res., 69, 587-589. MacCready P. B. Jr., and A. Proudfit, Observations of hydrometeor charge evolution in thunderstorms, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 90, 44-53. MacCready P. B. Jr., and A. Proudfit, Self-charging of melting ice, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 90, 54-59. Moore C. B., B. Vonnegut, E. A. Vrablik, and D. A. McCaig, Gushes of rain and hail after lightning, J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 646-665. Ogawa T., and M. Brook, The mechanism of the intracloud lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 5141-5150. Reiter R., Precipitation and cloud electricity, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 90, 60-72. Uman M. A., The diameter of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 583-585. Uman M. A., The conductivity of lightning, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 26, 1215. Uman M. A., and R. E. Orville, Electron density measurement in lightning from Stark-broadening of H-alpha, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 5151-5154. Uman M. A., Orville R. E., and L. E. Salanave, The density, pressure, and particle distribution in a lightning stroke near peak temperature, J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 306-310. Wilkins E. M., The role of electrical phenomena associated with tornadoes, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 2435-2447. |
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1965
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Andersen W. H., Energy source for ball lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 1291-1293. Anderson R., S. Bjornsson, D. C. Blanchard, S. Gatham, J. Hughes, S. Jonasson, C. B. Moore, H. J. Survilas, and B. Vonnegut, Electricity in volcanic clouds, Science, 148, 1179-1189. Battan L. J., Some factors governing precipitation and lightning from convective clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 79-84 Loeb L. B., Ionizing waves of potential gradient, Science, 148, 1417-1426. Takeuti T., Studies on thunderstorms electricity: 1. Cloud discharges, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 17, 59-68. Taylor A. R., Diameter of lightning as indicated by tree scars, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 5693-5695. Uman M. A., and R. E. Orville, The opacity of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 5491-5497. Winn W. P., A laboratory analog to the dart leader and return stroke of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 3265-3270. |
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1966
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Anderson W. H., Reply, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 680. Anderson F. J., G. D. Freier, and C. C. Liu, A regenerative process for producing the electric fields in a thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1969-1973. Anderson F. J., G. D. Freier, C. C. Liu, and F. M. Tam, The electric field changes during tornadoes compared with other severe thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 4279-4288. Anderson R. V., Measurements of total current density above active snowstorms, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 28, 789-793. Atkinson B. W., Some synoptic aspects of thunder outbreaks over south-east England, 1951-60, Weather, 21, 203-209. Atkinson W. R., and I. Paluch, Electromagnetic emission from pairs of water drops exchanging charge, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 3811-3816. Battan L. J., and J. B. Theiss, Observations of vertical motions and particle sizes in a thunderstorm, J. Atmos. Sic., 23, 78-87. Cole R. K. Jr., R. D. Hill, and E. T. Pierce, Ionized columns between thunderstorms and the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 959-964. Hill R. D., Electromagnetic radiation from the return stroke of a lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1963-1967. Jones E. C., Freak hail storm, Weather, 21, 210. Krider E. P., Some photoelectric observations of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 3095-3098. Krider E. P., Comment on paper by Leon E. Salanave and Marx Brook, 'Lightning photography and counting in daylight, using H-alpha emission', J. Geophys. Res., 71, 675. Loeb L. B., The mechanisms of stepped and dart leaders in cloud-to-ground lightning strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 4711-4721. Loeb L. B., Comments on paper by W. H. Andersen, 'Energy source for ball lightning', J. Geophys. Res., 71, 676-679. Orville R. E., The colour spectrum of lightning, Weather, 21, 198-200. Paxton F. D., Forecasting lightning storms over Alaska, Weather, 21, 200-202. Rao M., and H. Bhattacharya, Lateral corona currents from the return stroke channel and the slow field change after the return stroke in a lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 2811-2814. Rossby S. A., Sferics from lightning within a warm cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 3807-3809. Semonin R. G., and H. R. Plumlee, Collision efficiency of charged cloud droplets in electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 4271-4278. Srivastava K. M. L., Return stroke velocity of a lightning stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1283-1286. Uman M. A., and C. W. Helstrom, A theory of ball lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1975-1984. Zonge K. L., and W. H. Evans, Prestroke radiation from thunderclouds, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1519-1523. |
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1967
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Ausman E. L., and M. Brook, Distortion and disintegration of water drops in strong electric field, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 6131-6135. Berger K., Novel observations on lightning discharges: results of research on Mount San Salvatore, J. Franklin Inst., 283, 478-525. Few A. A., A. J. Dessler, D. J. Latham, and M. Brook, A dominant 200-Hertz peak in the acoustic spectrum of thunder, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 6149-6154. Fuquay D. M., R. G. Baughman, A. R. Taylor, and R. G. Hawe, Characteristics of seven lightning discharges that caused forest fires, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 6371-6373. Harris D. J., Electrical effects of the Harmattan dust storms, Nature, 214, 583. Jhawar D. S., and J. A. Chalmers, Point-discharge currents through small trees in artificial fields, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 29, 1459-1463. Newman M. M., J. R. Stahmann, J. D. Robb, E. A. Lewis, S. G. Martin, and S. V. Zinn, Triggered lightning strokes at very close range, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 4761-4764. Sartor J. D., The role of particle interaction in the distribution of electricity in thunderstorms, J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 601-615. Shaw G. E., Background cosmic count increase associated with thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 4623-4626. |
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1968
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Brook M., and D. J. Latham, Fluctuating radar echo: Modulation by vitrating drops, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 7137-7144. Bunn C. C., Application of electric field change measurements to the calibration of a lightning flash counter, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1907-1912. Dawson G. A., C. N. Richards, E. P. Krider, and M. A. Uman, Acoustic output of a long spark, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 815-816. Dawson G. A., M. A. Uman, and R. E. Orville, Discussion of paper by E. L. Hill and J. D. Robb, 'Pressure pulse from a lightning stroke', J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6595-6597. Hill E. L., and J. D. Robb, Pressure pulse from a lightning stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1883-1888. Hill R. D., Analysis of irregular paths of lightning channels, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1897-1906. Jones R. C., Return stroke core diameter, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 809-814. Jones D. L., G. G. Goyer, and M. N. Plooster, Shock waves from a lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 3121-3127. Jones D. L., Comments on paper by A. A. Few, A. J. Dessler, Don J. Latham, and M. Brook, 'A dominant 200-Hertz peak in the acoustic spectrum of thunder', J. Geophys. Res., 73, 4776-4777. Kohl D. A., Aircraft measurements of fair weather electric field noise within the Austausch layer, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1913-1919. Krider E. P., G. A. Dawson, and M. A. Uman, Peak power and energy dissipation in a single-stroke lightning flash, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 3335-3339. Mackerras D., A comparison of discharge processes in cloud and ground lightning flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1175-1183. Oetzel G. N., Computation of the diameter of a lightning return stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1889-1896. Orville R. E., Photograph of a close lightning flash, Science, 162, 66-667. Orville R. E., Spectrum of the lightning stepped leader, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6999-7008. Oriville R. E., A high-speed time-resolved spectroscopic study of the lightning return stroke: Part I. a qualitative analysis, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 827-838. Oriville R. E., A high-speed time-resolved spectroscopic study of the lightning return stroke: Part II. a quantitative analysis, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 839-851. Oriville R. E., A high-speed time-resolved spectroscopic study of the lightning return stroke: Part III. a time-dependent model, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 852-856. Uman M. A., and R. E. Voshall, Time interval between lightning strokes and the initiation of dart leaders, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 497-506. |
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1969
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Anderson F. J., and G. D. Freier, Intera ctions of the thunderstorm with a conducting atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 5390-5396. Barreto E., Electrical discharges from and between clouds of charged aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 6911-6925. Colgate S. A., and C. McKee, Electrostatic sound in clouds and lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 5379-5389. Dawson G. A., Pressure dependence of water-drop corona onset and its atmospheric importance, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 6859-6868. Evans W. H., Electric fields and conductivity in thunderclouds, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 939-948. Few A. A., Power spectrum of thunder, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 6926-6934. Hill R. D., Electromagnetic radiation from erratic paths of lightning strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 1922-1929. Hill R. D., Analysis of irregular paths of lightning channels, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 1897-1906. Kamra A. K., Electrification in an Indian dust storm, Weather, 24, 145-146. Latham J., and C. D. Stow, Airborne studies of the electrical properties of large convective clouds, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 95, 486-500. Lowke J. J., and M. A. Uman, and R. W. Liebermann, Toward a theory of ball lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 6887-6898. Mozer F. S., and R. Serlin, Magnetospheric electric field measurements with balloons, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 4739-4754. Oetzel G. N., and E. T. Pierce, VHF technique for locating lightning, Radio Sci., 4, 199-202. Ogawa T., and M. Brook, Charge distribution in thunderstorm clouds, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 95, 513-525. Troutman W. W., Numerical calculation of the pressure pulse from a lightning stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 4595-4596. Uman M. A., Determination of lightning temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 949-957. Uman M. A., and D. K. McLain, Magnetic field of lightning return stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 6899-6910. Vonnegut B., Discussion of paper by W. H. Evans, 'Electric fields and conductivity in thunderclouds', J. Geophys. Res., 74, 7053-7056. |
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1970
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Anderson F. J., and G. D. Freier, Discharges from a large positively stressed electrode, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 7531-7546. Barasch G. E., Spectral intensities emitted by lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 1049-1057. Colgate S. A., and J. M. Romero, Charge versus drop size in an electrified cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5873-5881. Crozier W. D., Dust devil properties, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4583-4585. Dawson G. A., and D. G. Duff, Initiation of cloud-to-ground lightning strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5858-5872. Few A. A., Lightning channel reconstruction from thunder measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 7517-7523. Few A. A., H. B. Garrett, M. A. Uman, and L. E. Salanave, Comments on letter by W. W. Troutman, 'Numerical calculation of the pressure pulse from a lightning stroke', J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4192-4194. Finkelstein D., and J .R. Powell, Earthquake lightning, Nature, 228, 759-760. Kosarev E. L., V. G. Zatsepin, and A. V. Mitrofanov, Ultrahigh frequency radiation from lightnings, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 7524-7530. Loeb L. B., Mechanism of charge drainage from thunderstorm clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5882-5889. Rao M., The dependence of dart leader velocity on the interstroke time interval in a lightning flash, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5868-5872. Uman M. A., and D. K. McLain, Radiation field and current of the lightning stepped leader, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 1058-1065. Uman M. A., and D. K. McLain, Lightning return stroke current from magnetic and radiation field measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5143-5147. Vorpahl J. A., J. G. Sparrow, and E. P. Ney, Satellite observations of lightning, science, 169, 860. |
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1971
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Brown K. A., P. R. Krehbiel, C. B. Moore, and G. N. Sargent, Electrical screening layers around charged clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2825-2835. Ette A. I. I., The effect of the Harmattan dust on atmospheric electric parameters, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 33, 295-300. Hill R. D., Channel heating in return-stroke lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 637-645. Illingworth A. J., The variation of electric field after lightning and the conductivity within thunderclouds, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 97, 440-456. McLain D. K., and M. A. Uman, Exact expression and moment approximation for the electric field intensity of the lightning return stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2101-2105. Mozer F. S., Balloon measurement of vertical and horizontal atmospheric electric fields, Pure and Applied Geophy., 84, 32-45. Pisler E., and W. R. Atkinson, Atmospheric electrical discharges in the presense of water and ice particles, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2805-2824. Proctor D. E., A hyperbolic system for obtaining VHF radio pictures of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 1478-1489. Richards C. N., and G. A. Dawson, The hydrodynamic instability of water drops falling at terminal velocity in vertical electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3445-3455. Shanmugam K., and A. M. Breipohl, Discriminating between cloud-to-ground and cloud-to-ground lightning discharges: a pattern recognition approach, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 1582-1587. Shanmugam K., Correlation between pulse rate and polarization of sferic signal from severe storms, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 5110-5111. Sparrow J. G., and F. E. Ney, Lightning observations by satellite, Nature, 232, 540. Whelpdale D. M., and R. List, The coalescence process in raindrop growth, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2836-2856. Winn W. P., and C. B. Moore, Electric field measurements in thunderclouds using instrumented rockets, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 5003-5017. |
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1972
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1973
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Anderson F. J., and G. D. Freier, Relation of electric fields to thunderstorm days, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 6359-6363. Brazier-Smith P. R., S. G. Jennings, and J. Latham, Increased rates of rainfall production in electrified clouds, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 99, 776-779. Dessler A. J., Infrasonic thunder, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 1889-1896. Finkelstein D., R. D. Hill, and J. R. Powell, The piezoelectric theory of earthquake lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 992-993. Illingworth A. J., Comments on a paper by Stirling A. Colgate, 'Differential charge transport in thunderstorm clouds', J. Geophys. Res., 78, 3628-3629. King J. W., Solar radiation changes and the weather, Nature, 245, 443-446. Kyle T. G., and W. R. Sand, Water content in convective storm clouds, Science, 180, 1274-1276. Lin Y. T., and M. A. Uman, Electric radiation fields of lightning return strokes in three isolated Florida thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 7911-7915. Moore C. B., and B. Vonnegut, Reply, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 99, 779-786. Murty R. C., and W. D. MacClement, VHF direction finder for lightning location, J. Appl. Meteorol., 12, 1401-1405. Orville R. E., and K. Berger, An unusual lightning flash initiated by an upward-propagating leader, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4520-4525. Uman M. A., D. K. McLain, R. J. Fisher, and E. P. Krider, Electric field intensity of the lightning return stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 3523-3529. Uman M. A., D. K. McLain, R. J. Fisher, and E. P. Krider, Currents in Florida lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 3530-3537. Vonnegut B., R. Markson, and C. B. Moore, Direct measurement of vertical potential differences in the lower atmsophere, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4526-4528. Winn W. P., T. V. Aldridge, and C. B. Moore, Video tape recordings of lightning flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4515-4519. |
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1974
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Anderson R. V., and R. E. Larson, Atmospheric electric and Radon profiles ove a closed basin and the open ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 3432-3435. Benbrook J. R., J. W. Kern, and W. R. Sheldon, Measured electric field in the vicinity of a thunderstorm system at an altitude of 37 km, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 5289-5294. Dejnakarantra M., and C. G. Park, Lightning-induced electric fields in the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1903-1910. Gay J. M., R. F. Griffiths, J. Latham, and C. P. R. Saunders, The terminal velocities of charged raindrops and cloud droplets falling in strong electric fields, Quart. J. R. Met. Roc., 100, 682-687. Krider E. P., An unusual photograph of an air lightning discharge, Weather, 29, 24-27. Krider E. P., The relative lightning intensity produced by a lightning stepped leader, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4542-4544. Levin Z., and A. Ziv, The electrification of thunderclouds and the rain gush, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2699-2704. Teer T. L., and A. A. Few, Horizontal lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 3436-3441. Pierce E. T., Atmospheric electricity - some themes, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 55, 1186-1194. Phelps C. T., Positive streamer system intensification and its possible role in lightning initiation, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 36, 103-111. Rust W. D., and C. B. Moore, Electrical conditions near the bases of thunderclouds over New Mexico, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 100, 450-468. Stringfellow M. F., Lightning incidence in Britain and the solar cycle, Nature, 249, 332-333. Winn W. P., G. W. Schwede, and C. B. Moore, Measurements of electric fields in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1761-1767. |
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1975
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Brantley R. D., J. A. Tiller, and M. A. Uman, Lightning properties in Florida thunderstorms from video tape recordes, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3402-3406. Fieux R., C. Gary, and P. Hubert, Artificially triggered lightning above land, Nature, 257, 212. Krider E. P., and C. G. Ladd, Upward streamers in lightning discharges to mountainous terrain, Weather, 30, 77-81. Krider E. P., An all-sky camera for time-resolved lightning photography, J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 249-252. Krider E. P., and R. C. Noggle, Broadband antenna systems for lightning magnetic fields, J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 252-256. Krider E. P., and G. J. Radda, Radiation field wave forms produced by lightning stepped leaders, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 2653-2657. Krider E. P., G. J. Radda, and R. C. Noggle, Regular radiation field pulses produced by intracloud discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3801-3804. Marode E., The mechanism of spark breakdown in air at atmospheric pressure between a positive point and a plane. I. Experimental: Nature of the streamer track, J. Appl. Phys., 46, 2005-2015. Moore C. B., Rebound limits on charge separation by falling precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 2658-2662. Moore C. B., Recombination limits on charge separation by hydrometeors in clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 608-612. Orville R. E., Spectrum of the lightsning dart leader, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1829-1837. Scott W. D., and Z. Levin, A stochastic electrical model of an infinite cloud: Charge generation and precipitation development, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1814-1828. Uman M. A., R. D. Brantley, Y. T. Lin, J. A. Tiller, E. P. Krider, and D. K. McLain, Correlated electric and magnetic fields from lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 373-376. Uman M. A., D. K. McLain, and E. P. Krider, The electromagnetic radiation from a finite antenna, Ame. J. Phys., 43, 33-38. Winn W. P., and L. G. Byerley III, Electric field growth in thunderclouds, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 101, 979-994. |
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1976
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Al-Saed S. M., and C. P. R. Saunders, Electric charge transfer between colliding waterdrops, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2650-2654. Arabadji W. I., On the problem of ball lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 6455-6456. Beasley W. H., T. M. Georges, and M. W. Evans, Infrasound from convective storms: An experimental test of electrical source mechanisms, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3133-3140. Boyle J. S., and R. E. Orville, Return stroke velocity measurements in multistroke lightning flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4461-4466. Camp P. R., Charge, morphology, and pH of natural snow, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1589-1592. Cerni T. A., Experimental investigation of the radar cross section of cloud-to-ground lightning, J. Appl. Meteorol., 15, 795-798. Chiu S., and J. D. Klett, Convective electrification of clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1111-1124. Gavini M. B., R. W. Holloway, R. D. Sherrill, K. G. W. Inn, and P. K. Kuroda, Temporal variations of 212Pb in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1148-1152. Greifinger C., and P. Greifinger, Transient ULF electric and magnetic fields following a lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 22, 2237-2247. Griffiths R. F., Corona charging of frozen precipitation, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1602-1606. Griffiths R. F., and C. T. Phelps, The effects of air pressure and water vapour content on the propagation of positive corona streamers, and their implications to lightning initiation, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 102, 419-426. Griffiths R. F., and C. T. Phelps, A model for lightning initiation arising from positive corona streamer development, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3671-3676. Hendry A., and G. C. McCormick, Radar observations of the of precipitation particles by electrostatic fields in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5353-5357. Jacobson E. A., and E. P. Krider, Electrostatic field change produced by Florida lightning, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 103-117. Kasemir H. W., F. J. Holitza, W. E. Cobb, and W. D. Rust, Lightning suppression by Chaff seeding at the base of tunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1965-1970. Mason B. J., In reply to a critique of precipitation theories of thunderstorm electrification by C. B. Moore, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 102, 219-225. Mason B. J., Further comments on Moore's criticisms of precipitation theories of thunderstorm electrification, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 102, 933-935. Moore C. B., Replay, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 102, 225-240. Moore C. B., Replay, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 102, 935-939. Pierce E. T., The Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP)-1976, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 57, 1214-1216. Tiller J. A., M. A. Uman, Y. T. Lin, and R. D. Brantley, Electric field statistics for close lightning return stroks near Gainesville, Florida, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4430-4434. Uman M. A., C. E. Swanberg, J. A. Tiller, and Y. T. Lin, Effects of 200 km propagation on Florida lightning return-stroke electric fields, Radio Sci., 11, 985-990. |
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1977
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Arabadji W. I., Reply, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3500. Dolezalek H., Comment on "On the problem of ball lightning" by W. I. Arabadji, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3498. Griffing G. W., Ozone and oxides of nitrogen production during thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 943-950. Harvey R. R., J. C. Larsen, and R. Montaner, Electric field recordings of tidal currents in the strait of Magellan, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3472-3476. Hill R. D., Energy dissipation in lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4967-4968. Illingworth A. J., and J. Latham, Calculations of electric field growth, field structure and charge distributions in thunderstorms, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 103, 281-295. Krider E. P., C. D. Weidman, and R. C. Noggle, The electric fields produced by lightning stepped leaders, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 951-960. Le Vine D. M., The effect of pulse interval statistics on the spectrum of radiation from lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1773-1777. Le Vine D. M., and E. P. Krider, The temporal structure of HF and VHF radiation during Florida lightning return strokes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 13-16, 1977. Leise J. A., and W. L. Taylor, A transmission line model with general velocities for lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 391-396. Orville R. E., Wind profile in the sub-cloud layer of a thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3953-3956. Pittock A. B., Comment on "On the problem of ball lightning" by W. I. Arabadji, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3499. Rust W. D., and P. R. Krehbiel, Microwave radiometric detection of corona from Chaff within thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3945-3950. Toland R. B., and B. Vonnegut, Measurement of maximum electric field intensities over water during thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 438-440. Turman B. N., Detection of lightning superbolts, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2566-2568. |
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1978
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Brown R. A., and H. G. Hughes, Directional VLF sferics from the Union City, Oklahoma, Tornadic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3571-3574. Browning K. A., Comments on "Numerical simulation of the life history of a hailstorm", J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1553-1554. Chiu C., Numerical study of cloud electrification in an axisymmetric, time-dependent cloud model, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5025-5049. Freier G. D., A 10-year study of thunderstorm electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1373-1376. Gaskell W., A. J. Illingworth, J. Latham, and C. B. Moore, Airborne studies of electric fields and the charge and size of precipitation elements in thunderstorms, Quart. J. R. Met. Roc., 104, 447-460. Harth W., C. A. Hofmann, H. Falcoz, and G. Heydt, Atmospherics measurements in San Miguel, Argentina, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 6231-6237. Hill R. D., Comment on 'Detection of lightning superbolts' by B. N. Turman, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1381. Le Vine D. M., and R. Meneghini, Electromagnetic fields radiated from a lightning return stroke: Application of an exact solution to Maxwell's equations, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 2377-2384. Le Vine D. M., and R. Meneghini, Simulation of radiation from lightning return strokes: The effects of tortuosity, Radio Sci., 13, 801-809. Livingston J. M., and E. P. Krider, Electric feilds produced by Florida thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 385-401. Markson R., Solar modulation of atmospheric electrification and possible implications for the Sun-weather relationship, Nature, 273, 103-109. Orville H. D., and F. J. Kopp, Reply, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1554-1555. Rawer K., D. Bilitza, and S. Ramakrishnan, Goals and status of the International Reference Ionosphere, Rev. Geophys. Space Sci., 16, 177-181. Saunders C. P. R., Electrification experiments on Elk Mountain, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5050-5056. Takahashi T., Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1536-1548. Takeuti T., M. Nakano, M. Brook, D. J. Raymond, and P. Krehbiel, The anomalous winter thunderstorms of the Horuriku coast, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 2385-2394. Taylor W. L., A VHF technique for space-time mapping of lightning discharge processes, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3575-3583. Turman B. N., Analysis of lightning data from the DMSP satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5019-5024. Uman M. A., W. H. Beasley, J. A. Tiller, Y. Lin, E. P. Krider, C. D. Weidmann, P. R. Krehbiel, M. Brook, A. A. Few Jr., J. L. Bohannon, C. L. Lennon, H. A. Poehler, W. Jafferis, J. R. Gulick, and J. R. Nicholson, An unusual lightning flash at Kennedy Space Center, Science, 201, 9-16. Wait J. R., Concise theory of radio transmission in the Earth-ionosphere wave guide, Rev. of Geophys. and Space Phys., 16, 320-326. Weber, M.E., and A. A. Few, A balloon-borne instrument to induce corona currents as a measure of electric fields in thunderclouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 253-256, 1978. Weidman C. D., and E. P. Krider, The fine structure of lightning return stroke wave forms, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 6239-6247. Winn W. P., C. B. Moore, C. R. Holmes, and L. G. Byerley III, Thunderstorm on July 16, 1975,over Langmuir Laboratory: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3079-3092. |
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1979
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Clegg R. J., and E. M. Thomson, Some propertities of em radiation lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 719-724. Hallett J., and C. P. R. Saunders, Charge separation associated with secondary ice crystal production, J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 2230-2235. Hayenga C., and J. W. Warwick, Two-dimensional interferometric positions of VHF lightning sources, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7451-7462. Holzworth R. H., and F. S. Mozer, Direct evidence for solar flare modification of stratospheric electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 363-367. Krehbiel P. R., M. Brook, and R. A. McCrory, An analysis of the charge structure of lightning discharges to ground, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2432-2456. Krider E. P., C. D. Weidman, and D. M. Le Vine, The teporal structure of the HF and VHF radiation produced by intracloud discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5760-5762. Orville R. E., and D. W. Spencer, Global lightning flash frequency, Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 934-943. Rust W. D., P. R. Krehbiel, and A. Shlanta, Measurements of radiation from lightning at 2200 MHz, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 85-88. Standler R. B., and W. P. Winn, Effects of coronae on electric fields beneath thunderstorms, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 105, 285-302. Szymanski E. W., and W. D. Rust, Preliminary observations of lightning radar echoes and simultaneous electric field changes, Geophys. Res. Let., 6, 527-530. Taylor W. W. L., F. L. Scarf, C. T. Russel, and L. H. Brace, Evidence for lightning on venus, Nature, 279, 614-616. Warwick J. W., C. O. Hayenga, and J. W. Brosnahan, Interferometric directions of lightning sources at 34 MHz, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2457-2468. Weidman C. D., and E. P. Krider, The radiation field wave forms produced by intracloud lightning discharge processes, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 3159-3164. |
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1980
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1981
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1982
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1983
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Beasley W. H., M. A. Uman, D. M. Jordan, and C. Ganesh, Positive cloud to ground lightning return stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 8475-8482. Beasley W. H., M. A. Uman, D. M. Jordan, and C. Ganesh, Simultaneous pulses in light and electric field from stepped leaders near ground level, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 8617-8619. Borucki, W. J., R. E. Orville, J. S. Levine, G. A. Harvey, and W. E. Howell, Laboratory Simulation of Venusian Lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 961-964. Byrne G. J., A. A. Few, and M. E. Weber, Altitude, thickness, and charge concentration of charged regions of the thunderstorm during TRIP 1981 based upon in situ balloon electric field measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 39-42. Cooray V., and S. Lundquist, Effects of propagation on the rise times and the initial peaks of radiation fields from return strokes, Radio Sci., 18, 409-415. Dreyfuss D, and S. Temkin, Charge separation during rupture of small water drops in transient flows: Shock tube measurements and applications to lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10,993-10,998. Jordan D. M., and M. A. Uman, Variation in light intensity with height and time from subsequent lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 6555-6562. Mazur V., and W. D. Rust, Lightning propagation and flash density in squall lines as determined with radar, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1495-1502. Krider E. P., and S. B. Alejandro, Lightning: A unusual case study, Weatherwise, 36, 71-75. Proctor D. E., Lightning and precipitation in a small multicellular thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5421-5440. Volland H., J. Schafer, P. Ingmann, W. Harth, G. Heydt, A. J. Eriksson, and A. Manes, Registration of thunderstorm centers by automatic atmospherics stations, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1503-1518. Vonnegut B., Deductions concerning accumulations of electrified particles in thunderclouds based on electric field changes associated with lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3911-3912. Weber M. E., M. F. Stewart, and A. A. Few, Corona point measurements in a thundercloud at Langmuir Laboratory, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3907-3910. Williams E. R., and R. M. Lhermitte, Radar tests of the precipitation hypothesis of thunderstorm electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10,984-10,992. |
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1984
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Bhattacharya A. B., A. K. Chakraborti, and R. Bhattacharya, Effects of cloudiness on the atmospherics level during the SW monsoon season, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1471-1473. Bhattacharya R., and A. B. Bhattacharya, Records of atmospherics at 30 kHz during a tropical cyclone, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2627-2628. Cooray V., Further characteristics of positive radiation fields from lightning in Sweden, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 11,807-11,815. D'Angelo N., I. B. Iversen, and M. M. Madsen, Unusual structures of high-laittude stratospheric electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9659-9662. D'Angelo N., I. B. Iversen, and M. M. Madsen, Correction to "Unusual structures of high-laittude stratospheric electric fields" by N. D'Angelo, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 11828. Ganesh C., M. A. Uman, W. H. Beasley, and D. M. Jordan, Correlated optical and electric field signals produced by lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4905-4909. Hale L. C., Middle atmosphere electrical structure, dynamics and coupling, Adv. Space Res., 4, 175-186. Hayenga C. O., Characteristics of lightning VHF radiation near the time of return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1403-1410. Hill R. D., R. G. Rinker, and A. Coucouvinos, Nitrous oxide production by lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1411-1421. Holzworth R. H., Hy-wire measurements of atmospheric potential, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1395-1401. Hubert P., P. Laroche, A. Eybert-Berard, and L. Barret, Triggered ligthtning in New Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2511-2521. Idone V. P., R. E. Orville, P, Hubert, L. Barret, and A. Eybert-Berard, Correlated observations of three triggered lightning flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1385-1394. Idone V. P., and R. E. Orville, Three unusual strokes in a triggered lightning flash, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7311-7316. Jayaratne E. R., and C. P. R. Saunders, The "rain gush", lightning, and the lower positive charge center in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 11,816-11,818. Mazur V., J. C. Gerlach, and W. Rust, Lightning flash density versus altitude and storm structure from observations with VHF- and S-band radars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 61-64. Mazur V., B. D. Fisher, and J. C. Gerlach, Lightning strikes to an airplane in a thunderstorm, J. Aircr., 8, 607-611. Peckham D. W., M. A. Uman, and C. E. Wilcos Jr., Lightning phenomenology in the Tampa Bay area, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 11,789-11,805. Proctor D. E., Correction to "Lightning and precipitation in a small multicellular thunderstorm" by D. E. Proctor, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 11,826. Takahashi T., Thunderstorm electrification - A numerical study, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2541-2558. Thomson E. M., M. A. Galib, M. A. Uman, W. H. Beasley, and M. J. Master, Some features of stroke occurrence in Florida lightning flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4910-4916. Trevitt A. C., Atmospheric electric modulation during a sea breeze, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9663-9667. Vonnegut B., Reduction of thunderstorm elelctric field intensity produced by corona from a nearby object, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1468-1470. |
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1985
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Beasley W., Positive cloud-to-ground lightning observations, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6131-6138. Brook M., C. Rhodes, O. H. Vaughan Jr., R. E. Orville, and B. Vonnegut, Nighttime observations of thunderstorm electrical activity from a high altitude airplane, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6111-6120. Chang J., T. G. Beuthe, G. G. Hu, G. Stamoulis, and W. Janischewskyj, Thundercloud electric field measurement in the 553-m CN tower during 1978-1983, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6087-6090. Chauzy S., M. Chong, A. Delannoy, and S. Despiau, The June 22 tropical squall line observed during COPT 81 experimetn: Electrical signature associated with dynamical structure and precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6091-6098. Cooray V., and S. Lundquist, Characteristics of the radiation fields from lightning in Sri Lanka in the tropics, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6099-6109. Dhali S. K., and P. F. Williams, Numerical simulation of streamer propagation in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, Phys. Rev. A, 31, 1219-1221. Few A. A., The production of lightning-associated infrasonic acoustic sources in thunderclouds, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6175-6180. Hojo J., M. Ishii, T. Kawamura, and F. Suzuki, The fine structure in the field change produced by positive ground strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6139-6143. Holzworth R. H., M. C. Kelley, C. L. Siefring, L. C. Hale, and J. D. Mitchell, Electrical measurements in the atmosphere and the ionosphere over an active thunderstorm: 2. Direct current electric fields and conductivity, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9824-9830. Idone V. P., and R. E. Orville, Correlated peak relative light intensity and peak curent in triggered lightning subsequent return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6159-6164. Jayaratne E. R., and C. P. R. Saunders, Thunderstorm electrification: The effect of cloud droplets, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 13,063-13,066. Kito Y., K. Horii, Y. Higashiyama, and K. Nakamura, Optical aspects of winter lightning discharges triggered by the rocket-wire technique in Hokuriku district of Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6147-6157. Liu X., and P. R. Krehbiel, The initial streamer of intracloud lightning flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6211-6218. Marshall T. C., and W. P. Winn, Comments on "The 'rain gush', lightning, and the lower positive center in thunderstorms" by E. R. Jayaratne and C. P. R. Saunders, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 10,753-10,754. Mazur V., D. S. Zrnic, and W. D. Rust, Lightning channel properties determined with a vertically pointing Doppler radar, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6165-6174. McCarthy M., and Parks G. K., Further observations of X-rays inside thunderstorms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 393-396. Ogawa T., K. Oike, and T. Miura, Electromagnetic radiations from rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6245-6249. Raymond D. J., and M. Wilkening, Characteristics of mountain-induced thundrstorms and cumulus congestus clouds from budget measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 773-783. Richard P., and G. Auffray, HF-UHF interferometric measurements, applications to lightning discharge mapping , Radio Sci., 20, 171-192. Rust W. D., D. R. MacGorman, and W. L. Taylor, Photographic verification of continuing current in positive cloud-to-ground flahes, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6144-6146. Thomson E. M., M. A. Uman, and W. H. Beasley, Speed and current for lightning stepped leaders near ground as determined from electric field records, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8136-8142. Williams E. R., Large-scale charge separation in thunderclouds, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6013-6025. Williams E. R., C. M. Cooke, and K. A. Wright, Electrical discharge propagation in and around space charge clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6059-6070. |
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1986
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Barcus J. R., I. Iversen, and P. Stauning, Observations of the electric field in the stratosphere over an Arctic storm system, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9881-9892. Bohne A. R., and A. C. Chmela, Storm structure during aircraft lightning stroke event, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,291-13,298. Borucki W. .J., and M. A. Williams, Lightning in the Jovian Water Cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9893-9903. Byrne G. J., A. A. Few, and M. F. Stewart, The effects of atmospheric parameters on a corona probe used in measuring thunderstorm electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9911-9920. Dye J. E., J. J. Jones, W. P. Winn, T. A. Cerni, B. Gardiner, D. Lamb, R. L. Pitter, J. Hallett, and C. P. R. Saunders, Early electrification and precipitation development in a small, isolated Montana cumulonimbus, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1231-1247. Few A. A., and A. J. Weinheimer, Factor of 2 error in balloon-borne atmospheric conduction current measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10,937-10,938. Goodman S. J., and D. R. MacGorman, Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in mesoscale convective complexes, Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2320-2328. Holzworth R. H., K. W. Norville, P. M. Kintner, and S. P. Powell, Stratospheric conductivity variations over thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,257-13,263. Jayaratne E. R., and C. P. R. Saunders, Reply, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10,950. Maier L. M., and E. P. Krider, The charges that are deposited by cloud-to-ground lightning in Florida, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,275-13,289. Moore C. B., B. Vonnegut, T. D. Rolan, J. W. Cobb, D. N. Holden, R. T. Hignight, S. M. McWilliams, and G. W. Cadwell, Abnormal polarity of thunderclouds grown from negatively charged air, Science, 233, 1413-1415. Richard P., A. Delannoy, G. Labaune, and P. Laroche, Results of spatial and temporal characterization of the VHF-UHF radiation of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1248-1260. Takagi N., T. Takeuti, and T. Nakai, On the occurrence of positive ground flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9905-9909. Vonnegut B., and C. B. Moore, Comments on "The 'rain gush', lightning, and the lower positive charge center in thunderstorms" by E. R. Jayaratne and C. P. R. Saunders, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10,949. |
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1987
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Byrne G. J., A. A. Few, M. F. Stewart, A. C. Conrad, and R. L. Torczon, In situ measurements and radar observations of a severa storm: electricity, kinematics, and precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1017-1031. Chauzy S., and S. Soula, Ceneral interpretation of surface electric field variations between lightning flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5676-5684. Colvin J. D., C. K. Mitchell, J. R. Greig, D. P. Murrhy, R. E. Pechacek, and M. Raleigh, An empirical study of the nuclear explosion-induced lightning seen on IVY-MIKE, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5696-5712. Few A. A., and A. J. Weinheimer, Reply, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4338. Few A. A., and A. J. Weinheimer, Reply, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 11,006-11,008. Helsdon J. H. Jr., and R. D. Farley, A numerical modeling study of a Montana thunderstorm: 1. Model results versus observations involving nonelecltrical aspects, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5645-5659. Helsdon J. H. Jr., and R. D. Farley, A numerical modeling study of a Montana thunderstorm: 2. Model results versus observations involving elecltrical aspects, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5661-5675. Idone V. P., R. E. Orville, D. M. Mach, and W. D. Rust, The propagation speed of a positive lightning return stroke, Geophys. Res. Let., 14, 1150-1153. Israelsson S., T. Schutte, E. Pisler, and S. Lundquist, Increased occurrence of lightning flashes in Sweden during 1986, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10,996-10,998. Jayaratne E. R., and C. P. R. Saunders, Reply, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 3140. Krider E. P., and R. H. Wetmore, Upward streamers produced by a lightning strike to radio transmission towers, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9859-9862. Markson R., Comment on "Factor of 2 error in balloon-borne atmospheric conduction current measurements" by A. A. Few and A. J. Weinheimer, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 11,003-11,005. Mazur V., D. S. Zrnic, and W. D. Rust, Transient changes in Doppler spectra of precipitation associated with lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6699-6704. Mazur V., L. H. Ruhnke, and T. Rudolph, Effect of E-field mill location on accuracy of electric field measurements with instrumented airplane, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 12,013-12,019. Muraoka Y., K. Kawahira, T. Sato, T. Tsuda, S. Fukao, and S. Sato, Characteristics of mesospheric internal gravity waves observed by MU radar, Geophys. Res. Let., 14, 1154-1157. Norville K., and R. Holzworth, Global circuit variability from multiple stratospheric electrical measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5685-5695. Orville R. E., R. A. Weisman, R. B. Pyle, R. W. Henderson, and R. E. Orville Jr., Cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics from June 1984 through May 1985, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5640-5644. Orville R. E. Jr., An analytical solution to obtain the optimum source location using multiple direction finders on a spherical surface, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10,877-10,886. Ray P. S., D. R. MacGorman, W. D. Rust, W. L. Taylor, and L. W. Rasmussen, Lightning location relative to storm structure in a supercell storm and a multicell storm, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5713-5724. Rutledge S. A., and R. A. Houze Jr., A diagnostic modeling study of the trailing stratiform region of a midlatitude squall line, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2640-2656. Smull B. F., and R. A. Houze Jr., Dual-Doppler radar analysis of a midlatitude squall line with a training region of stratiform rain, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2128-2148. Vonnegut B., and C. B. Moore, Comments on "Thunderstorm electrification: The effect of cloud droplets" by E. R. Jayaratne and C. P. R. Saunders, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 3139. Vonnegut B., R. Markson, and C. B. Moore, Comments on "Factor of 2 error in balloon-borne, atmospheric conduction current measurements " by A. A. Few and A. J. Weinheimer, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4337. Weinheimer A. J., The electrostatic energy of a thunderstorm and its rate of change, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9715-9722. Weinheimer A. J., and A. A. Few, The electric field alighment of ice particles in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14,833-14,844. |
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1988
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Bils J. R., E. M. Thomson, and M. A. Uman, Electric field pulses in close lightning cloud flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15,933-15,940. Byrne G. J., J. R. Benbrook, E. A. Bering III, D. M. Oro, C. O. Seubert, and W. R. Sheldon, Observations of the stratospheric conductivity and its variation at three latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 3879-3892. Ganguli G., and P. J. Palmadesso, Electrostatic ion instabilities in the presence of parallel currents and transverse electric fields, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 103-106. Inan U. S., W. C. Burgess, T. G. Wolf, D. C. Shater, and R. E. Orville, Lightning-associated precipitation of MeV electrons from the inner radiation belt, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 172-175. Orville R. E., R. W. Henderson, and L. F. Bosart, Bipole patterns revealed by lightning locations in mesoscale storm systems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 129-132. Proctor D. E., R. Uytenbogaardt, and B. M. Meredith, VHF radio pictures of lightning flashes to ground, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 12,683-12,727. Saunders C. P. R., Thunderstorm electrification, Weather, 43, 318-324. Spencer R. L., Electric field lines near an oddly shaped conductor in a uniform electric field, Am. J. Phys., 56, 510-512. Thomson E. M., P. J. Medelius, M. Rubinstein, M. A. Uman, J. Johnson, and J. W. Stone, Horizontal electric fields from lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2429-2441. |
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1989
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Borucki W. J. (1989), Predictions of Lightning Activity at Neptune, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 937-939. Blakeslee R. J., H. J. Christian, and B. Vonnegut, Electrical measurements over thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 94,13,135-13,140. Breed D. W., and J. E. Dye, The electrification of New Mexico thunderstorms: 2. Electric field growth during initial electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 94,14,841-14,854. Brook M., R. W. Henderson, and R. B. Pyle, Positive lightning strokes to ground, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,295-13,303. Christian H. J., R. J. Blakeslee, and S. J. Goodman, The detection of lightning from geostationary orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,329-13,337. Dye J. E., W. P. Winn, J. J. Jones, and D. W. Breed, The electrification of New Mexico thunderstorms: 1. Relationship between precipitation development and the onset of electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8643-8656. Hager W. W., J. S. Nisbet, J. R. Kasha, and W. Shann, Simulations of electric fields within a thunderstorm, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3542-3558. Heckman S. J., and E. R. Williams, Corona envelops and lightning currents, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,287-13,294. Hojo J., M. Ishii, T. Kawamura, F. Suzuki, H. Komuro, and M. Shigama, Seasonal variationi of cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the coastal area of the sea of Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,207-13,212. Ishii M., and J. Hojo, Statistics on fine structure of cloud-to-ground lightning field waveforms, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,267-13,274. Koshak W. J., and E. P. Krider, Analysis of lightning field changes during active Florida thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1165-1186. Krider E. P., Electric field changes and cloud electrical structure, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,145-13,149. Le Vine D. M., J. C. Willett, and J. C. Bailey, Comparison of fast electric field changes from subsequent return strokes of natural and triggered lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,259-13,265. MacGorman D. R., and W. L. Taylor, Positive cloud-to-ground lightning detection by a direction-finder network, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,313-13,318. Mach D. M., and W. D. Rust, Photoelectric return-stroke velocity and peak current estimates in natural and triggered lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,237-13,247. Marshall T. C., W. D. Rust, W. P. Winn, and K. E. Gilbert, Electrical structure in two thunderstorm anvil clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2171-2181. Mazur V., Triggered lightning strikes to aircraft and natural intracloud discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3311-3325. Mazur V., A physical model of lightning initiation on aircraft in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3326-3340. Moore C. B., B. Vonnegut, and D. H. Holden, Anamalous electric fields associated with clouds growing over a source of negative space charge, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,127-13,134. Narita K., Y. Goto, H. Komuro, and S. Sawada, Bipolar lightning in winter at Maki, Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,191-13,195. Passi R. M., and R. E. Lopez, A parametric estiamtion of systematic errors in networks of magnetic direction finders, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,319-13,328. Rhodes C., and P. R. Krehbiel, Interferometric observations of a single stroke cloud-to-ground flash, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1169-1172. Shindo T., and M. A. Uman, Continuing current in negative cloud-to-ground lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5189-5198. Uman M. A., and E. P. Krider, Natural and artificially initiated lightning, Science, 246, 457-464. Vaughan O. H., and B. Vonnegut, Recent observations of lightning discharges from the top of a thundercloud into the clear air above, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,179-13,182. Willett J. C., J. C. Bailey, V. P. Idone, A. Eybert-Berard, and L. Barret, Submicrosecond intercomparison of radiation fields and currents in triggered lightning return strokes based on the transmission-line model, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,275-13,286. Willett J. C., J. C. Bailey, and E. P. Krider, A class of unusual lightning electric field waveforms with very strong high-frequency radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,255-16,267. Williams E. R., The tripole structure of thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,151-13,167. Williams E. R., S. G. Geotis, and A. B. Bhattacharya, A radar study of the plasma and geometry of lightning, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1173-1185. Williams E. R., M. E. Weber, and R. E. Orville, The relationship between lightning type and convective state of thunderclouds, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,213-13,220. |
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1990
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Diendorfer G., and M. A. Uman, An improved return stroke model with specified channel-base current, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13,621-13,644. Franz R. C., R. J. Nemzek, and J. R. Winckler, Television image of a large upward electrical discharge above a thunderstorm system, Science, 249, 48-51. Houze R. A. J., B. F. Smull, and P. Dodge, Mesoscale organization of springtime rainstorms in Oklahoma, Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 613-654. Idone V. P., Length bounds for connecting discharges in triggered lightning subsequent strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20,409-20,416. Jones J. J., Electric charge acquired by airplanes penetrating thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,589-16,600. Jonsson H. H., Possible sources of errors in electrical measurements made in thunderclouds with balloon-borne instrumentation, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 22,539-22,545. Mazur V., B. D. Fisher, and P. W. Brown, Multistroke cloud-to-ground strike to the NASA F106B airplane, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5471-5484. Moore P. K., and R. E. Orville, Lightning characteristics in Lake-Effect thunderstorms, Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1767-1782. Nucci C. A., G. Diendorfer, M. A. Uman, F. Rachidi, M. Ianoz, and C. Mazzetti, Lightning return stroke current models with specified channel-base current: A review and comparison, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20,395-20,408. Rakov V. A., and M. A. Uman, Some properties of negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes versus stroke order, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5447-5453. Rakov V. A., and M. A. Uman, Long continuing current in negative lightning ground flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5455-5470. Rakov V. A., and M. A. Uman, Waveforms of first and subsequent leaders in negative lightning flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,561-16,577. Rutledge S. A., C. Lu, and D. R. MacGorman, Positive cloud-to-ground lightning in mesoscale convective systems, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2085-2100. |
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1991
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Borucki, W. J., J. W. Dyer, J. R. Phillips, P. Pham, Pioneer Venus orbiter search for Venusian lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 11033-11043, 10.1029/91JA01097. Chauzy S., J. C. Medale, S. Prieur, and S. Soula, Multilevel measurement of the electric field underneath a thundercloud: 1. A new system and the associated data processing, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,319-22,326. Deaver L. E., and E. P. Krider, Electric fields and current densities under small Florida thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,273-22,281. Domens P., A. Gibert, J. Dupuy, and B. Hutzler, Propagation of the positive streamer-leader system in a 16.7 m rod-plane gap, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 24, 1748-1757. Franzblau E., Electrical discharges involving the formation of NO, NO2, HNO3, and O3, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,337-22,345. Holzworth R. H., Conductivity and electric field variations with altitude in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12,857-12,864. Inan U. S., T. F. Bell, and J. V. Rodriguez, Heating and ionization of the lower ionosphere by lightning, Geophys. Res. Let., 18, 705-708. Latham D., Lightning flashes from a prescribed fire-induced cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17,151-17,157. Lopez R. E., M. W. Maier, and R. L. Holle, Comparison of the signal strength of positive and negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in Northeastern Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,307-22,318. Marshall T. C., and W. D. Rust, Electric field soundings through thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,297-22,306. Orville R. E., Calibration of a magnetic direction finding network using measured triggered lightning return stroke peak currents, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17,135-17,142. Proctor D. E., Regions where lightning flashes began, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5099-5112. Raymond D. J., R. Solomon, and A. M. Blyth, Mass fluxes in New Mexico mountain thunderstorms from radar and aircraft measurements, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 117, 587-621. Schuur T. J., B. F. Smull, W. D. Rust, and T. C. Marshall, Electrical and kinematic structure of the stratiform precipitation region trailing an Oklahoma squall line, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 825-842. Soula S., and S. Chauzy, Multilevel measurement of the electric field underneath a thundercloud: 2. Dynamical evolutioin of a ground space charge layer, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,327-22,336. Thottappillil R., D. K. McLain, M. A. Uman, and G. Diendorfer, Extension of the Diendorfer-Uman lightning return stroke model to the case of a variable upward return stroke speed an a variable downward discharge current speed, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17,143-17,150. Weinheimer A. J., J. E. Dye, D. W. Breed, M. P. Spowart, J. L. Parrish, T. L. Hoglin, and T. C. Marshall, Simultaneous measurements of the charge, size, and shape of hydrometeors in an electrifield cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,809-20,829. Ziegler C. L., D. R. MacGorman, J. E. Dye, and P. S. Ray, A model evaluation of noninductive graupel-ice charging in the early electrification of a mountain thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12,833-12,855. |
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1992
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1993
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Byrne G. J., J. R. Benbrook, E. A. Bering, A. A. Few, G. A. Morris, W. J. Trabucco, and E. W. Paschal, Ground-based instrumetation for measurements of atmospheric conduction current and electric field at the south pole, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2611-2618. Fisher R. J., G. H. Schnetzer, R. Thottappillil, V. A. Rakov, M. A. Uman, and J. D. Goldberg, Parameters of triggered-lightning flashes in Florida and Alabama, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 22,887-22,902. Goldenbaum G. C., and R. R. Dickerson, Nitric oxide production by lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18,333-18,338. Idone V. P., A. B. Saljoughy, R. W. Henderson, P. K. Moore, and R. B. Pyle, A reexamination of the peak current calibration of the National Lightning Detection Network, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18,323-18,332. Jones J. J., W. P. Winn, and F. Han, Electric field measurements with an airplane: Problems caused by emitted charge, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5235-5244. Kamra A. K., and M. Ravichandran, On the assumption of the Earth's surface as a perfect conductor in atmospheric electricity, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 22,875-22,885. Mach D. M., and W. D. Rust, Two-dimensional velocity, optical risetime, and peak current estimates for natural positive lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2635-2638. Marsh S. J., and T. C. Marshall, Charged precipitation measurements before the first lightning flash in a thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,605-16,611. Marshall T. C., and W. D. Rust, Two types of vertical electrical structures in stratiform precipitation regions of mesoscale convective sysetms, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2159-2170. Marshall T. C., and S. J. Marsh, Negatively charged preciptation in a New Mexico thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14,909-14,916. Maekawa Y., S. Fukao, Y. Sonoi, and F. Yoshino, Distribution of ice particles in wintertime thunderclouds detected by a C band dual polarization radar: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,613-16,622. Mazur V., and L. H. Ruhnke, Common physical processes in natural and artificially triggered lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12,913-12,930. Rachidi F., and R. Thottappillil, Determination of lightning currents from far electromagnetic fields, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18,315-18,321. Saunders C. P. R., A review of thunderstorm electrification processes, J. App. Meteo., 32, 642-655. Sentman D. D., and E. M. Wescott, Observations of upper atmospheric optical flashes recorded from an aircraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2857-2860. Stansbery E. K., A. A. Few, and P. B. Geis, A global model of thunderstorm electricity, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,591-16,603. Taranenko Y. N., U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell, Interaction with the lower ionosphere of electromagnetic pulses from lightning: Heating, attachment, and ionization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1539-1542. Taranenko Y. N., U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell, The interaction with the lower ionosphere of electromagnetic pulses from lightning: Excitation of optical emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2675-2678. Williams E. R., and S. J. Heckman, The local diurnal variation of cloud electrification and the global dirunal variation of negative charge on earth, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5221-5234. Winckler J. R., R. C. Franz, and R. J. Nemzek, Fast low-level light pulses from the night sky observed with the SKYFLASH program, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8775-8783. Winn W. P., Aircraft measurements of electric field: Self-calibration, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7351-7365. |
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1994
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Bateman M. G., W. D. Rust, and T. C. Marshall, A balloon-borne instrument for measuring the charge and size of precipitation particles inside thunderstorms, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 161-169. Fishman G. J., P. N. Bhat, R. Mallozzi, J. M. Horack, T. Koshut, C. Kouveliotou, G. N. Pendleton, C. A. Meegan, R. B. Wilson, W. S. Paciess, S. J. Goodman, and H. J. Christian, Discovery of intense Gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin, Science, 264, 1313-1316. Hale L. C., Coupling of ELF/ULF energy from lightning and MeV particles to the middle atmosphere, ionosphere, and global circuit, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21,089-21,096. Kawasaki Z. I., T. Matsui, K. Matuura, and P. Richard, SAFIR operation and evaluation of its performance, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1133-1136. Kitakawa N., and K. Michimoto, Meteorological and electrical aspects of winter thunderclouds, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,713-10,721. Koshak W. J., and E. P. Krider, A linear method for analyzing lightning field changes, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 473-488. Koshak W. J., J. Bailey, H. J. Christian, and D. M. Mach, Aircraft electric field measurements: Calibration and ambient field retrieval, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,781-22,792. Lyons W. A., Low-light video observations of frequent luminous structures in teh stratosphere above thunderstorms, Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1940-1946. Lyons W. A., Characteristics of luminous structures in the stratosphere above thunderstorms as imaged by low-light video, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 875-878. Rakov V. A., M. A. Uman, and R. Thottappillil, Review of lightning properties from electric field and TV observations, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,745-10,750. Rhodes C. T., X. M. Shao, P. R. Krehbiel, R. J. Thomas, and C. O. Hayenga, Observations of lightning phenomena using radio interferometry, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 13,059-13,082. Stolzenburg M., Observations of high ground flash densities of positive lightning in summertime thunderstorms, Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1740-1750. Stolzenburg M., and T. C. Marshall, Testing models of thunderstorm charge distributions with Coulomb's law, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,921-25,932. Stolzenburg M., T. C. Marshall, W. D. Rust, and B. F. Smull, Horizontal distribution of electrical and meteorological conditions across the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system, Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1777-1797. Thomson E. M., P. J. Medelius, and S. Davis, System for locating the sources of wideband dE/dt from lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,793-22,802. Thottappillil R., and M. A. Uman, Lightning return stroke model with height-variable discharge time constant, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,773-22,780. Villanueva Y., V. A. Rakov, and M. A. Uman, Microsecond-scale electric field pulses in cloud lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14,353-14,360. Williams E. R., Global circuit response to seasonal variations in global surface air temperature, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1917-1929. Ziegler C. L., and D. R. MacGorman, Observed lightning morphology relative to modeled space charge and electric field distributions in a tornadic storm, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 833-851. |
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1995
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Allen N. L., and A. Ghaffar, The conditions required for the propagation of a cathode-directed positive streamer in air, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 28, 331-337. Bateman M. G., W. D. Rust, B. F. Smull, and T. C. Marshall, Precipitation charge and size measurements in the stratiform region of two mesoscale convective systems, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,341-16,356. Bell T. F., V. P. Pasko, and U. S. Inan, Runaway electrons as a source of red sprites in the mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Let., 22, 2127-2130. Boccippio D. J., E. R. Williams, S. J. Heckman, W. A. Lyons, I. Baker, and R. Boldi, Sprites, ELF transients and positive ground strokes, Science, 269, 1088-1091. Boeck W. L., O. H. Vaughan Jr., R. J. Blakeslee, B. Vonnegut, M. Brook, and J. McKune, Observations of lightning in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1465-1475. Borovsky J. E., An electrodynamic description of ilghtning return strokes and dart leaders: Guided wave propagation along conducting cylindrical channels, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2697-2726. Chang B., and C. Price, Can gamma radiation be produced in the electrical environment above thunderstorms? Geophys. Res. Let., 22, 1117-1120. Goto Y., and K. Narita, Electrical characteristics of winter lightning, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 449-458. Hager W. W., and D. Wang, An analysis of errors in the location, current, and velocity of lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25,721-25,729. Holden D. N., C. P. Munson, and J. C. Devenport, Satellite observations of transionospheric pulse pairs, Geophys. Res. Let., 22, 889-892. Jonsson H. H., and B. Vonnegut, Comment on "Negatively charged preciptation in a New Mexico thunderstorm" by Thomas C. Marshall and Stephen J. Marsh and "Charged precipitation measurements before the first lightning flash in a thunderstorm" by Stephen J. Marsh and Thomas C. Marshall, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,867-16,868. Kostenko M. V., Electrodynamic characteristics of lightning and their influence on distribances of high-voltage lines, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2739-2747. Kumar R., J. Rai, and V. Singh, Lightning return stroke electric fields above ground, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1247-1254. Le Vine D. M., and J. C. Willett, The influence of channel geometry on the fine scale structure of radiation from lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,629-18,638. Marshall T. C., and S. J. Marsh, Reply, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,869-16,871. Marshall T. C., M. P. McCarthy, and W. D. Rust, Electric field magnitudes and lightning initiation in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7097-7103. Marshall T. C., W. D. Rust, and M. Stolzenburg, Electrical structure and updraft speeds in thunderstorms over the southern Great Plains, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1001-1015. Marshall T. C., W. Rison, W. D. Rust, M. Stolzenburg, J. C. Willett, and W. P. Winn, Rocket and balloon observations of electric field in two thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,815-20,828. Massey R. S., and D. N. Holden, Phenomenology of transionospheric
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1996
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1997
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1998
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Res., 108, 4747, 10.1029/2003JD003694. Rakov V. A., and G. R. Huffines, Return stroke multiplicity of negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 1455-1462. Rakov V. A., and W. G. Tuni, Lightning electric field intensity at high altitudes: Inference for production of elves, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4639, 10.1029/2003JD003618. Sao Sabbas F. T., D. D. Sentman, E. M. Wescott, O. Pinto Jr., O. Mendes Jr., and M. J. Taylor, Statistical analysis of space-time relationships between sprites and lightning, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 65, 525-535. Sato M., H. Fukunishi, M. Kikuchi, H. Yamagishi, and W. A. Lyons, Validation of sprite-inducing cloud-to-ground lightning based on ELF observations at Syowa station in Antarctica, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 65, 607-614. Schoene J., M. A. Uman, V. A. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, and G. H., Schnetzer, Test of the transmission line model and the traveling current source model with triggered lightning return stroke at very close range, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4737, 10.1029/2003JD003683. Sharma D. K., J. Rai, M. Israil, P. Subrahmanyam, P. Chopra, and S. C. Garg, Effect of lightning on ionospheric temperature determined by SROSS-C2 satellite, Indian J. Of Radio & Space Phys., 32, 93-97. Steiger S. M., and R. E. Orville, Cloud-to-ground lightning enhancement over Southern Louisiana, Geophys. Res. Let., 30, 1975, doi:10.1029/2003GL017923. Warner T. A., J. H. Helsdon Jr., and A. G. Detwiler, Aircraft observations of a lightning channel in STEPS, Geophys. Res. Let., 30, 1984, doi:10.1029/2003GL017334. Xue Q., Y. Liu, L. Huang, and W. Li, Comparison study for lightning rod and lightning eliminator, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 65, 963-969. |
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2004
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Adachi T., H. Fukunishi, Y. Takahashi, and M. Sato, Roles of the EMP and QE field in the generation of columniform sprites, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L04107, doi:10.1029/2003GL019081. Bering III E. A., J. R. Benbrook, L. Bhusal, J. A. Garrett, A. M. Paredes, E. M. Wescott, D. R. Moundry, D. D. Sentman, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, and W. A. Lyons, Observations of transient luminous events (TLEs) associated with negative cloud to ground (-CG) lightning strokes, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L05104, doi:10.1029/2003GL018659. Cooray V., P. Montano, and V. Rakov, A model to represent negative and positive lightning first strokes with connecting leaders, J. of Electrostatics, 60, 97-109. Cummer S. A., and W. A. Lyons, Lightning charge moment changes in U. S. High Plains thunderstorms, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L05114, doi:10.1029/2003GL019043. Davydenko S. S., E. A. Mareev, T. C. Marshall, and M. Stolzenburg, On the calculation of electric fields and currents of mesoscale convective systems, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D11103, doi:10.1029/2003JD003832. Dwyer J. R., H. K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, B. Wright, A. Chrest, M. A. Uman, V. A. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, D. M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, and C. Smyth, Measurements of x-ray emission from rocket-triggered lightning, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L05118, doi:10.1029/2003GL018770. Dwyer J. R., H. K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, B. Wright, A. Chrest, M. A. Uman, V. A. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, D. M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, and C. Smyth, A ground level gamma-ray burst observed in association with rocket-triggered lightning, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L05119, doi:10.1029/2003GL018771. Eack K. B., Electrical characteristics of narrow bipolar events, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L20102, doi:10.1029/2004GL021117. Gerken E. A., and U. S. Inan, Comparison of photometric measurements and charge moment estimations in two sprite-producing storms, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L03107, doi:10.1029/2003GL018751. Heelis R. A., Electrodynamics in the low and middle latitude ionosphere: a tutorial, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 66, 825-838. Israelevich P. L., Y. Yair, A. D. Devir, J. H. Joseph, Z. Levin, I. Mayo, M. Moalem, C. Price, B. Ziv, and A. Sternlieb, Transient airglow enhancements observed from the space shuttle Columbia during the MEIDEX sprite campaign, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L06124, doi:10.1029/2003GL019110. Jerauld J., M. A. Uman, V. A. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, and D. M. Jordan, A triggered lightning flash containing both negative and positive strokes, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L08104, doi:10.1029/2004GL019457. Koshak W. J., R. J. Solakiewicz, R. J. Blakeslee, S. J. Goodman, H. J. Christian, J. M. Hall, J. C. Bailey, E. P. Krider, M. G. Bateman, D. J. Boccippio, D. M. Mach, E. W. McCaul, M. F. Stewart, D. E. Buechler, W. A. Petersen, and D. J. Cecil, North Alabama lightning mapping array (LMA): VHF source retrieval algorithm and error analyses, J. Atmos. and Oceanic Tech., 21, 543-558. Lay E. H., R. H. Holzworth, C. J. Rodger, J. N. Thomas, O. Pinto Jr., and R. L. Dowden, WWLL global lightning detection system: Regional validation study in Brazil, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L03102, doi:10.1029/2003GL018882. Pasko V. P., Correction to "Three-dimensional modeling of blue jets and blue starters", J. Geophys. Res., 109, A09311, doi:10.1029/2004JA010693. Price C., E. Greenberg, Y. Yair, G. Satori, J. Bor, H. Fukunishi, M. Sato, P. Isrealevich, M. Moalem, A. Devir, Z. Levin, J. H. Joseph, I. Mayo, B. Ziv, and A. Sternlieb, Ground-based detection of TLE-producing intense lightning during the MEIDEX mission on board the space shuttle Columbia, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L020107, doi:10.1029/2004GL020711. Shao X., A. R. Jacobson, and T. J. Fitzgerald, Radio frequency radiation beam pattern of lightning return strokes: A revisit to theoretical analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19108, doi:10.1029/2004JD004612. Thomas J. N., R. H. Holzworth, and J. Chin, A new high-voltage elecltric field instrument for studying sprites, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 42, 1399-1404. Thomas R. J., P. R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, S. J, Hunyady, W. P. Winn, T. Hamlin, and J. Harlin, Accuracy of the Lightning Mapping Array, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14207, doi:10.1029/2004JD004549. Toumi R., and X. Qie, Seasonal variation of lightning on the Tibetan Plateau: A Spring anomaly?, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L04115, doi:10.1029/2003GL018930. Williams E., T. Chan, and D. Boccippio, Islands as miniature continents: Another look at the land-ocean lightning contrast, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D16206, doi:10.1029/2003JD003833. Yair Y., P. Israelevich, A. D. Devir, M. Moalem, C. Price, J. H. Joseph, Z. Levin, B. Ziv, A. Sternlieb, and A. Teller, New observations of sprites from the space shuttle, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15201, doi:10.1029/2003JD004497. |
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2005
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Baba Y., and V. A. Rakov, On the use of lumped sources in lightning return stroke models, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D03101, doi:10.1029/2004JD005202. Baba Y., and V. A. Rakov, Lightning electromagnetic environment in the presence of a tall grounded strike object, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D09108, doi:10.1029/2004JD005505. Babich L. P., E. N. Donskoy, I. M. Kutsyk, and R. A. Roussel-Dupre, The feedback mechanism of runaway air breakdown, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L09809, doi:10.1029/2004GL02174. Ballarotti M. G., M. M. F. Saba, and O. Pinto Jr., High-speed camera observations of negative ground flashes on a millisecond-scale, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L23802, doi:10.1029/2004GL023889. Behnke S. A., R. J. Thomas, P. R. Krehbiel, and W. Rison, Initial leader velocities during intracloud lightning: Possible evidence for a runaway breakdown effect, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10207, doi:10.1029/2004JD005312. Carey L. D., M. J. Murphy, T. L. McCormick, and N. W. S. Demetriades, Lightning location relative to storm structure in a leading-line, trailing-stratiform mesoscale convective system,J. Geophys. Res., 110, D03105, doi:10.1029/2004JD004371. Cheng C., and S. A. Cummer, Broadband VLF measurements of lightning-induced ionospheric perturbations, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L08804, doi:10.1029/2004GL022187. Choi Y., Y. Wang, T. Zeng, R. V. Martin, T. P. Kurosu, and K. Chance, Evidence of lightning NOx and convective transport of pollutants in satellite observations over North America, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L02805, doi:10.1029/2004GL021436. Cummer S. A., and W. A. Lyons, Implications of lightning charge moment changes for sprite initiation, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A04304, doi:10.1029/2004JA010812. Cummer S. A., Y. Zhai, D. M. Smith, L. I. Lopez, and M. A. Stanley, Measurements and implications of the relationship between lightning and terrestrial gamma ray flashes, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L08811, doi:10.1029/2004GL022778. Dwyer J. R., The initiation of lightning by runaway air breakdown, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L20808, doi:10.1029/2004GL023975. Dwyer J. R., and D. M. Smith, A comparison betwene Monte Carlo simulations of runaway breakdown and terrestrial gamma-ray flash observations, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L22804, doi:10.1029/2005GL023848. Dwyer J. R., H. K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Carawey, A. Chrest, B. Wright, E. Kozak, J. Jerauld, M. A. Uman, V. A. Rakov, D. M. Jordan, and K. J. Rambo, X-ray bursts associated with leader steps in cloud-to-ground lightning, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L01803, doi:10.1029/2004GL021782. Dwyer J. R., H. K. Rassoul, Z. Saleh, M. A. Uman, J. Jerauld, and J. A. Plumer, X-ray bursts produced by laboratory sparks in air, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L20809, doi:10.1029/2005GL024027. Ely B. L., and R. E. Orville, High percentage of positiev lightning along the USA west coast, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L09815, doi:10.1029/2005GL022782. Farges T., E. Blanc, A. Le Pichon, T. Neubert, and T. H. Allin, Identification of intrasound produced by sprites during the Sprite2003 campaign, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L01813, doi:10.1029/2004GL021212. Frey H. U., S. B. Mende, S. A. Cummer, A. B. Chen, R. R. Hsu, H. T. Su, Y. S. Chang, T. Adachi, H. Fukunishi, and Y. Takahashi, Beta-type stepped leader of elve-producing lightning, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L13824, doi:10.1029/2005GL023080. Fullekrug M., Detection of thirteen resonsances of radio waves from particularly intense lightning discharges, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L13809, doi:10.1029/2005GL023028. Gurevich A. V., and K. P. Zybin, Runaway breakdown and the mysteries of lightning, Physics Today, 58, 37-43. Hayakawa M., T. Nakamura, D. Iudin, K. Michimoto, T. Suzuki, T. Hanada, and T. Shimura, On the fine structure of thunderstorms leading to the generation of sprites and elves: Fractal analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D06104, doi:10.1029/2004JD004545. Holzworth R. H., M. P. McCarthy, J. N. Thomas, J. Chin, T. M. Chinowsky, M. J. Taylor, and O. Pinto Jr., Strong electric fields from positive lightning strokes in the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L04809, doi:10.1029/2004GL021554. Jerauld J., V. A. Rakov, M. A. Uman, K. J. Rambo, D. M. Jordan, K. L. Cummins, and J. A. Cramer, An evaluation of the performance characteristics of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network in Florida using rocket-triggered lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D19106, doi:10.1029/2005JD005924. Kuo C., R. R. Hsu, A. B. Chen, H. T. Su, L. C. Lee, S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, H. Fukunishi, and Y. Takahashi, Electric fields and electron energies inferred from the ISUAL recorded sprites, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L19103, doi:10.1029/2005GL023389. Liu N., and V. P. Pasko, Molecular nitrogen LBH band system far-UV emissions of sprite streamers, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L05104, doi:10.1029/2004GL022001. Mansell E. R., D. R. MacGorman, C. L. Ziegler, and J. M. Straka, Charge structure and lightning sensitivity in a simulated multicell thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D12101, doi:10.1029/2004JD005287. Marshall T. C., M. Stolzenburg, C. R. Maggio, L. M. Coleman, P. R. Krehbiel, T. Hamlin, R. J. Thomas, and W. Rison, Observed electric fields associated with lightning initiation, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L03813, doi:10.1029/2004GL021802. Marshall R. A., and U. S. Inan, High-speed telescopic imaging of sprites, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L05804, doi:10.1029/2004GL021988. Mende S. B., H. U. Frey, R. R. Hsu, H. T. Su, A. B. Chen, L. C. Lee, D. D. Sentman, Y. Takahashi, and H. Fukunishi, D region ionization by lightning-induced electromagnetic pulses, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A11312, doi:10.1029/2005JA011064. Neubert T., T. H. Allin, E. Blanc, T. Farges, C. Haldoupis, A. Mika, S. Soula, L. Knutsson, O. van der Velde, R. A. Marshall, U. Inan, G. Satori, J. Bor, A. Hughes, A. Collier, S. Laursen, and I. L. Rasmussen, Co-ordinated observations for transient luminous events during the EuroSprite2003 campaign, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 67, 807-820. Qie X., T. Zhang, C. Chen, G. Zhang, T. Zhang, and W. Wei, The lower positive charge center and its effect on lightning discharges on the Tibetan Plateau, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L05814, doi:10.1029/2004GL022162. Qie X., X. Kong, G. Zhang, T. Zhang, T. Yuan, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, H. Wang, and A. Sun, The possible charge structure of thunderstorm and lightning discharges in northeastern verge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Atmos. Res., 76, 231-246. Rakov V. A., M. A. Uman, and K. J. Rambo, A review of ten years of triggered-lightning experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida, Atmos. Res., 76, 504-518. Rust W. D., D. R. MacGorman, E. C. Bruning, S. A. Weiss, P. R. Krehbiel, R. J. Thomas, W. Rison, T. Hamlin, and J. Harlin, Inverted-polarity electrical structure in thunderstorms in the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS), Atmos. Res., 76, 247-271. Smith D. M., L. I. Lopez, R. P. Lin, and C. P. Barrington-Leigh, Terrestrial Gamma-ray flashes observed up to 20 MeV, Science, 307, 1085-1088. Snively J. B., and V. P. Pasko, Antiphase OH and OI airglow emissions induced by a short-period ducted gravity wave, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L08808, doi:10.1029/2004GL022221. Surkov V. V., O. A. Molchanov, M. Hayakawa, and E. N. Fedorov, Excitation of the ionospheric resonacne cavity by thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A04308, doi:10.1029/2004JA010850. Thomas J. N., R. H. Holzworth, M. P. McCarthy, and O. Pinto Jr., Predicting lightning-driven quasi-electrostatic fields at sprite altitudes using in situ measurements and a numerical model, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L10809, doi:10.1029/2005GL022693. Thomas J. N., R. H. Holzworth, M. P. McCarthy, and O. Pinto Jr., Lightning sferics and stroke-delayed pulses measured in the stratosphere: Implications for mesospheric currents, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L22807, doi:10.1029/2005GL024629. Thottappillil R., and V. A. Rakov, Comment on "Radio frequency radiation beam pattern of lightning return strokes: A revisit to theoretical analysis" by Xuan-Min Shao, Abram R. Jacobson, and T. Joseph Fitzgerald, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D24105, doi:10.1029/2004JD005729. Yair Y., P. Israelevich, A. D. Devir, M. Moalem, C. Price, J. H. Joseph, Z. Levin, B. Ziv, A. Sternlieb, and A. Teller, New observations of sprites from the space shuttle, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15201, doi:10.1029/2003JD004497. Yair Y., C. Price, B. Ziv, P. L. Israelevich, D. D. Sentman, F. T. Sao-Sabbas, A. D. Devir, M. Sato, C. J. Rodger, M. Moalem, E. Greeburg, and O. Yaron, Space shuttle observation of an unusual transient atmospheric emission, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L02801, doi:10.1029/2004GL021551. Yang H., and V. P. Pasko, Three-dimensional finite different time domain modeling of the Earth-ionosphere cavity resonances, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L03114, doi:10.1029/2004GL021343. Visacro S., and A. De Conti, A distributed-circuit return-stroke model allowing time and height parameter variation to match lightning electromagnetic field waveform signatures, Geophys. Res. Let., 32, L23805, doi:10.1029/2005GL024336. |
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2006
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Adachi T., H. Fukunishi, Y. Takahashi, Y. Hiraki, R. R. Hsu, H. T. Su, A. B. Chen, S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, and L. C. Lee, Electric field transition between the diffuse and streamer regions of sprites estimated from ISUAL/array photometer measurements, Geophys. Res. Let., 33, L17803, doi:10.1029/2006GL026495. Burgesser R. E., R. G. Pereyra, and E. E. Avila, Charge separation in updraft of convective regions of thunderstorm, Geophys. Res. Let., 33, L03808, doi:10.1029/2005GL023993. Cummer S. A., N. Jaugey, J. Li, W. A. Lyons, T. E. Nelson, and E. A. Gerken, Submillisecond imaging of sprite development and structure, Geophys. Res. Let., 33, L04104, doi:10.1029/2005GL024969. Cummer S. A., H. U. Frey, S. B. Mende, R. Hsu, H. Su, A. B. Chen, H. Fukunishi, and Y. Takahashi, Simultaneous radio and satellite optical measurements of high-altitude sprite current and lightning continuing current, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10315, doi:10.1029/2006JA011809. Ignaccolo M., T. Farges, A. Mika, T. H. Allin, O. Chanrion, E. Blanc, T. Neubert, A. C. Fraser-Smith, and M. Fullekrug, The planetary rate of sprite events, Geophys. Res. Let., 33, L11808, doi:10.1029/2005GL025502. Koshak W. J., Retrieving storm electric fields from aircraft field mill data. Part I. Theory, J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., 23, 1289-1302. Koshak W. J., Retrieving storm electric fields from aircraft field mill data. Part II. Applications, J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., 23, 1303-1322. Kuhlman K. M., C. L. Ziegler, E. R. Mansell, D. R. MacGorman, and J. M. Straka, Numerically simulated electrification and lightning of the 29 June 2000 STEPS supercell storm, Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2734-2757. Liu N., V. P. Pasko, D. H. Burkhardt, H. U. Frey, S. B. Mende, H. T. Su, A. B. Chen, R. R. Hsu, L. C. Lee, H. Fukunishi, and Y. Takahashi, Comparison of results from sprite streamer modeling with spectrophotometric measurements by ISUAL instrument on FORMASAT-2 satellite, Geophys. Res. Let., 33, L01101, doi:10.1029/2005GL024243. Lu G., Transient electric field at high altitudes due to lightning: Possible role of induction field in the formation of elves, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D02103, doi:10.1029/2005JD005781. Sonnenfeld R. G., J. D. Battles, G. Lu, and W. P. Winn, Comparing E field changes aloft to lightning mapping data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20209, doi:10.1029/2006JD007242. Stanley M. A., X. Shao, D. M. Smith, L. I. Lopez, M. B. Pongratz, J. D. Harlin, M. Stock, and A. Regan, A link between terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and intracloud lightning discharges, Geophys. Res. Let., 33, L06803, doi:10.1029/2005GL025537. Suzuki T., M. Hayakawa, Y. Matsudo, and K. Michimoto, How do winter thundercloud systems generate sprite-inducing lightning in the Hokuriku area of Japan? Geophys. Res. Let., 33, L10806, doi:10.1029/2005GL025433. Williams E. R., Problems in lightning physics-the role of polarity asymmetry, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 15, 91-108, doi:10.1088/0963-0252/15/2/S12. |
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2007
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Baba Yoshihiro, and V. A. Rakov, Electromagetic models of the lightning return stroke, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D04102, doi:10.1029/2006JD007222. Barthe C., and J. Pinty, Simulation of a supercelular storm using a three-dimensional mesoscale model with an explicit lightning flash scheme, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06210, doi:10.1029/2006JD007484. Barthe C., J. Pinty, and C. Mari, Lightning-produced NOx in an explicit electrical scheme tested in a Statosphere-Troposphere Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone case study, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D04302, doi:10.1029/2006JD007402. Becerra M., V. Cooray, S. Soula, and S. Chauzy, Effect of the space charge layer created by corona at ground level on the inception of upward lightning leaders from tall towers, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12205, doi:10.1029/2006JD008308. Biagi C. J., K. L. Cummins, K. E. Kehoe, and E. P. Krider, National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) performance in southern Airzona , Texax, and Oklahoma in 2003-2004, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D05208, doi:10.1029/2006JD007341. Dye J. E., M. G. Bateman, H. J. Christian, E. Defer, C. A. Grainger, W. D. Hall, E. P. Krider, S. A. Lewis, D. M. Mach, F. J. Merceret, J. C. Willett, and P. T. Willis, Electric fields, cloud microphysics, and reflectivity in anvils of Florida thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11215, doi:10.1029/2006JD007550. Dye J. E., and J. C. Willett, Observed enhancement of reflectivity and the electric field in long-lived Florida anvils, Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3362-3380. Hager W. W., Sonnenfeld R. G., B. C. Aslan, G. Lu, W. P. Winn, and W. L. Boeck, Analysis of charge transport during lightning using a balloon borne electric field sensors and Lightning Mapping Array, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18204, doi:10.1029/2006JD008187. Mo Q., A. G. Detwiler, J. Helsdon, W. P. Winn, G. Aulich, and W. C. Murray, Hydrometeor charges observed below an electrified cloud using a new instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13207, doi:10.1029/2006JD007809. Riousset J. A., V. P. Pasko, P. R. Krehbiel, R. J. Thomas, and W. Rison, Three-dimensional fractal modeling of intracloud lightning discharge in a New Mexico thunderstorm and comparison with lightning mapping observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007621. Thomas R. J., P. R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, H. E. Edens, G. D. Aulich, W. P. Winn, S. R. McNutt, G. Tytgat, and E. Clark, Electrical activity during the 2006 Mount St. Augustine Volcanic Eruptions, Science, 315, 1097. |
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2008
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Krehbiel P. R., J. A. Riousset, V. P. Pasko, R. J. Thomas, W. Rison, M. A. Stanley, and H. E. Edens, Upward electrical discharges from thunderstorms, Nature Geoscience, 1, 233-237. |
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Thesis on lightning
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1981
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Krehbiel P. R., An analysis of the electric field change produced by lightning, Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Manchester Inst. of Science and Technology. |
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1981
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Marshall T. C., The charge and velocity of precipitation particles in a New Mexico thunderstorm, Ph. D. dissertation, New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technololgy. |
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1985
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Rhodes C., Some properties of radio emissions from lightning in the frequency range 30 to 3000 MHz, M. Sc. thesis, New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technololgy. |
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1987
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Baginski M. E., Finite element simulation of the atmosphere's electromagnetic response to charge perturbations associated with lightning, Ph. D. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University. |
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1989
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Rhodes C., Interferometric observations of VHF radiation from lightning, Ph. D. dissertation, New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technololgy. |
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1992
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Heckman S., Why does a lightning flash have multiple strokes? Ph. D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. |
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1993
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Shao X., The development and structure of lightning discharges observed by VHF radio interferometer, Ph. D. dissertation, New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technololgy. |
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1996
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Pasko V. P., Dynamic coupling of quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields to the mesosphere and lower ionosphere: Sprites and jets, Ph. D. dissertation, Stanford Univ.. |
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1998
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Reising S. C., Remote sensing of the electrodynamic coupling between thunderstorm systems and the mesosphere/lower ionosphere, Stanford Univ.. |
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1998
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Smith D. A., Compact intracloud discharges, Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Colorado. |
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2000
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Lehtinen N. G., Relativistic runaway electrons above thunderstorms, Stanford Univ.. |
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2000
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Stanley M. A., Sprites and their parent discharges, Ph. D. dissertation, New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technololgy. |
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2001
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Morales C. A., Continuous thunderstorm monitoring: Retrieval of precipitation parameters from lightning observations, Univ. of Connecticut. |
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2004
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Coleman L. M., The effects of electric potential on horizontal lightning propagation, Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Mississippi. |
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2005
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Thomas J. N, Lightning-driven electric and magnetic fields measured in the stratosphere: Implications for sprites, Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Washington. |
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2006
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Riousset J. A., Fractal modeling of lightning discharges, M. Sc. thesis, Pennsylvania State Univ.. |
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Books on lightning, physics, and mathematics
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| 1967 | Chalmers J. A., Atmospheric Electricity, 2nd edition, 515 pp., Pergamon, New York. |
| 1987 | Press W. H., B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling, Numerical recipes, New York, Cambridge Univ. Press. |
| Uman M. A., All about lightning, Orlando, Academic Press. | |
| 1987 | Uman M. A., The lightning discharge, Orlando, Academic Press. |
| 2003 | Rakov V. A., and M. A. Uman, Lightning: Physics and effects, New York, Cambridge Univ. Press. |
| 1998 | MacGorman D. R., and W. D. Rust, The electrical nature of storms, New York, Oxford Univ. Press. |
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Cited papers in conference
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| 1996 | Kawasaki Z. I., K. Matsu-ura, T. Matsu-i, and M. Adachi, Is bi-leader progression concept true?, Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on Atmos. Elec., Osaka, Japan, pp 596-599. |
| 1980 | Holden D. N., C. R. Holmes, C. B. Moore, W. P. Winn, J. W. Cobb, J. E. Griswold, and D. M. Lytle, Local charge concentration in thunderclouds, in 6th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, University of Machester, Manchester, England, 1980. |
| 1983 | Holden D. N., C. R. Holmes, C. B. Moore, W. P. Winn, J. W. Cobb, J. E. Griswold, and D. M. Lytle, Local charge concentration in thunderclouds, Proceedings in Atmospheric Electricity, edited by L. H. Ruhnke, and J. Lathan, pp. 179-183, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va. |
| 2002 | Krehbiel P., T. Hamlin, Y. Zhang, J. Harlin, R. Thomas, and W. Rison, Three-dimensional total ligthning observations with the Lightning Mapping Array, in 2002 International Lightning Detection Conference, Tucson, AZ. |
| 2004 | Montanya J., J. Bergas, N. Pineda, J. Bech, T. Rigo, A. Illa, INGESCO, and B. Hermoso, Analysis of the electric field changes due to lightning during Catalonia thunderstorms in summer 2003, 18th International Lightning Detection Conference, Helsinki, Finland. |