Distribution and Fate of Geothermal Solutes in Valles Caldera National Preserve Streams and Biota
Project Location: New Mexico Highlands University
Project Leaders: Tim Sanchez, Daryl Williams, and Dr. Edward Martinez
Project Description: Several studies have shown that the geothermal springs in the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP) contribute high concentrations of various elements to some of the streams within the VCNP. These contributions then have the potential to change the solute load and influence water chemistry in these streams. Some of these dissolved solutes such as arsenic, boron, and fluoride have the potential for posing a hazard to the aquatic biota (invertebrates, fish, and plants) living in the streams or on the riparian area. The majority of water in these streams results from snowpack runoff, however geothermal springs containing various concentrations of solutes also contribute a portion of the stream’s water. In the advent of predicted global climate change and the ensuing shorter and warmer winters, it is plausible to conclude that runoff from snow pack will decrease and that the geothermal spring contribution of water and solutes to the streams will increase in proportion. Understanding the distribution, fate and potential hazards of these elements is crucial in determining how the changing climate will impact New Mexico’s high mountain streams and their biota.
The goal of this project is to investigate the distribution and fate of various dissolved solutes (As, B, Cl, Fl etc.) contributed to the VCNP streams by geothermal springs. Of specific interest is the distribution of these elements in biological organisms and the sediment. To accomplish this goal, intensive sampling of sediment, aquatic insects, macrophytes, algae, and water from various geothermal springs and the streams to which they contribute will be undertaken. The sediment and bio-concentrations of the samples will be analyzed and compared to water quality standards or sediment quality guidelines to determine their potential hazard.
Students involved in this project will:
Desired Students: Students majoring in Earth sciences or geology, hydrology, natural resources, environmental science, or chemistry are desired for this project. Students must be willing to work extended hours both outdoors and in the lab.