Page 324 of Section 1.1, “Bob Stayton's DocBook XSL: The complete
guide” recommends a
style rule for typesetting simple inline math formulae:
enclose them in <phrase
role='math'>…</phrase>. The
corresponding rule sets letters in italics:
<xsl:template match="phrase[@role='math']"> <xsl:call-template name="inline.italicseq"/> </xsl:template>